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A Quick Tour of Python
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"A Quick Tour of Python
This document serves as a whirlwind overview of the basics of Python.
We hope it will give adventurous PyRAF users a better idea of what is
going on in the Python environment.
Contents
Python is Dynamic
Braces? We Don't Need No Stinking Braces!
Python Data Structures
Strings
Lists
Mutability
Tuples
Dictionaries
Truth and Consequences
Control Constructs
Modules and Namespaces
Objects, Classes, and What They Mean to You
Defining Functions
But Wait! There's More!
Python Documentation and Books
Books
Documentation
Python is Dynamic
Python is dynamically typed. You do not need to declare variables.
You may simply assign to them, which creates the variable. Variables may
hold simple types (integers, floats, etc.), functions, and objects among
other things.
x = 1
name = "sample string"
name2 = 'another sample string'
name3 = """a multiline
string example"""
y = 3.14
longint = 100000000000L
z = None
Note the last example. Python has a special value called None .
It is generally used to represent a null value. Variable names are
case sensitive. Variables can change type, simply by assigning them a
new value of a different type.
x = 1
x = "string value"
Typing a variable name by itself at the interactive prompt results
in its value or information about it being printed out (unless you
are in PyRAF and type the name of an IRAF task, in which case CL
emulation mode is entered and the task runs with no command-line
arguments). Unlike the IRAF CL, no equal-sign (=) is needed to
inspect a Python variable:
>>> x = 1
>>> x
1
>>> x+3
4
One exception to the rule is that if the value of the expression is
None then nothing is printed.
A common error is to expect the same behavior in Python scripts. In a script
"
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