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A Molecular Biology Glossary
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"A Molecular Biology Glossary
A Quick and Dirty Reference to Terms Used in Molecular Biology
Dr. Robert H. Lyons, Director
University of Michigan DNA Sequencing Core
This document is intended to provide a quick reference for molecular biology terms.
It does not go into depth on the terms, but can be useful if you are trying to
understand a typical seminar or paper. For further information on any of these topics,
please consult one of the standard cell and molecular biology textbooks (for example,
"Molecular Biology of the Cell" by Alberts et al., 4th ed., Garland Science, New York
NY, ISBN 0-8153-3218-1).
July 2, 1998
Some of the definitions refer to the following diagrams:
Figure 1: Nucleotide structure.
Figure 2: DNA strands are antiparallel
(the 5' end of one strand pairs with the
3' end of the opposite strand).
Figure 3: RNA transcription.
RNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction from a DNA strand which runs in the
antiparallel direction (3' to 5'). In this diagram, the top DNA strand is the sense
strand, and in sequence would read the same as the RNA (except with T's instead
of U's). The bottom strand is the anti-sense strand, and acts as the template for
transcription.
Figure 4: A typical gene.
3' end/5' end:
A nucleic acid strand is inherently directional, and the "5 prime end" has a free
hydroxyl (or phosphate) on a 5' carbon and the "3 prime end" has a free hydroxyl
(or phosphate) on a 3' carbon (carbon atoms in the sugar ring are numbered from 1'
to 5'; see Figure 1 ). That's simple enough for an RNA
strand or for single-stranded (ss) DNA. However, for double-stranded (ds) DNA it's
not so obvious - each strand has a 5' end and a 3' end, and the 5' end of one strand
is paired with the 3' end of the other"
....
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