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Private Libraries in Ancient Rome
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Private Libraries in Ancient Rome Figure 1 – the Villa of the Papyri, East Side Private Libraries in Ancient Rome (c) Jerry Fielden 2001 In 753 BC, date of the mythical founding of Rome, its citizens were not too preoccupied with libraries and probably almost totally illiterate. Apart from laws and annals, it is not until the second century BC that we hear about literacy and libraries becoming a force in the fabric of Roman society. Even then, these were surely limited to the senatorial and equestrian aristocracy and the top ranks of the soldiers, even though graffiti and other writings seem to contradict this somewhat. From Varro to Suetonius, from Vitruvius to Ammianus Marcellinus, plenty of Roman writers talk about this subject during the period that concerns us the most, mainly between 100 BC to 500 CE. Private libraries figured prominently in this period, and it is probably because of them that we still have many texts from the Roman world that would have not survived if left only in the public libraries of the day, which had a tendency to be destroyed during wars or natural disasters - and burned easily. The first libraries in Rome were certainly private. In the mid-2nd century BC, Rome was a nation of farmer-warriors that conquered the Hellenistic World by force of arms. Curiously, the conquerors were themselves subjugated by the culture of the losers – almost to the point of reverence,[1] and Roman mores and culture were revolutionized from that point on. Roman generals coming back from the East would return with booty, including the books that became the basis for some of the biggest private libraries in Rome, and even the kernel of the soon-to-be-founded public libraries. Some examples of these generals are Aemilius Paulus, Cornelius Sulla and Lucius Lucullus. Aemilius won against Macedonia’s King Perseus in 168 BC and allowed his soldiers to take plenty of booty, but he himself kept only the King’s library, which he gave to his two sons; this occu"
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