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The price of bad memories
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"Skeptical Inquirer 2002, 26, #3, pp
24-32 (Part 1)
Elizabeth F. Loftus UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SEATTLE,
WASHINGTON 98195 USA
Who Abused Jane Doe?
The Hazards of the Single Case
History: Part I.
Elizabeth F. Loftus & Melvin J. Guyer
Abstract
Case histories make contributions to science and practice,
but they can also be highly misleading. We illustrate with our
re-examination of the case of Jane Doe; she was videotaped twice, once
when she was six years old and then eleven years later when she was
seventeen. During the first interview she reported sexual abuse by her
mother. During the second interview she apparently forgot and then
remembered the sexual abuse. Jane's case has been hailed by some as the
new proof of recovery of repressed or dissociated traumatic memories, and
even as proof of the reliability of recovered memories of repeated abuse.
Numerous pieces of "supporting evidence" were given in the original
article for believing that the abuse occurred. Upon closer scrutiny,
however, there are reasons to doubt not only the "supporting evidence,"
but also that the sexual abuse ever happened in the first place. Our
analysis raises several general questions about the use of case histories
in science, medicine, and mental health. There is a cautionary tale not
only for those professionals who advance the case history, but also for
those who base their theories on it or would readily accept it as proof.
-The Authors
----------------
Case histories have a long and cherished tradition in
science. They are compelling anecdotes, often powerful enough to generate
entire theories of behavior. Freud built the edifice of psychoanalytic
theory "
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