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Continuous Casting of Steel: Basic Principles
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"Continuous Casting of Steel: Basic Principles
Background
Continuous Casting
is the process whereby molten steel is solidified into a "semifinished" billet, bloom, or slab for subsequent rolling
in the finishing mills. Prior to the introduction of Continuous Casting in
the 1950s, steel was poured into stationary molds to form "ingots". Since
then, "continuous casting" has evolved to achieve improved yield, quality,
productivity and cost efficiency. Figure
1 shows some examples of continuous caster configurations.
Figure
1 - Examples of Continuous Casters
Steel from the electric or basic oxygen furnace
is tapped into a ladle and taken to the continuous casting machine. The ladle
is raised onto a turret
that rotates the ladle into the casting position above the tundish. Referring
to Figure
2, liquid steel flows out of the ladle (1) into the tundish (2), and then
into a water-cooled copper mold (3). Solidification begins in the mold, and
continues through the First Zone (4) and Strand Guide (5). In this configuration,
the strand is straightened (6), torch-cut (8), then discharged (12) for intermediate
storage or hot charged for finished rolling.
Figure
2 - General Bloom/Beam Blank Machine Configuration
1:Ladle Turret,
2:Tundish/Tundish Car, 3:Mold, 4:First Zone (Secondary Cooling), 5:Strand
Guide (plus Secondary Cooling), 6:Straightener Withdrawal Units, 7:Dummy
Bar Disconnect Roll, 8:Torch Cut-Off Unit, 9:Dummy Bar Storage Area, 10:Cross
Transfer Table, 11:Product Identification System, 12:Product Discharge
System
Figure
3 depicts a Slab Caster layout. Note the extended roller containment
compared to that for a Bloom/Beam Blank (as in Figure 2), required to maintain
product shape through final solidification.
Depending
on the product end-use, various shapes are"
....
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